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SITE INFO Dedications Site Background Contact SITE NAVIGATION HOME Spanish Studies Pronunciation Lessons Numbers Time Date Verbs Verb Tenses Verb Conjugation Grammar Gender Grammar Terms Pronouns Reflexive Vocabulary Adjectives Noun Cognates Prepositions Verb Lists Vocabulary Lists VERB CONJUGATION Indicative Mood Present Tense Regular -ar Verbs Regular -er Verbs Regular -ir Verbs Stem e -> ie Stem o -> ue Stem e -> i Stem iar: i -> í Stem uar: u -> ú Stem uir: i -> y Stem ger/gir: g -> j Yo form -oy Yo form -zco Yo form -go Imperfect Tense AR Verbs ER & IR Verbs Preterite Tense Regular AR Verbs Ending -car Ending -gar Ending -zar ER/IR Verbs ER/IR Verbs vowel Stem IR Stem-changers Irregular Stems Future Tense Regular Verbs Irregular Stems Conditional Tense Regular Verbs Irregular Stems Progressive Tenses Perfect Tenses Start using 'em! With Interrogatives ¿Cuándo? ¿Cuándo sirves? When do you serve? When are you serving?   ¿Cuándo compite ella? When does she compete? When is she competing?   ¿Cuándo desvisto? When do I undress? When am I undressing?   ¿Por qué?   ¿Por qué mido? Why do I measure? Why am I measuring?   ¿Por qué pedimos? Why are we making requests? Why do we request?   ¿Por qué compite él ? Why is he competing? Why does he compete?     Reference Subject Pronouns yo nosotros nosotras tú* vosotros vosotras él ella Usted ellos ellas Ustedes *In some countries in Central & South America vos is used instead of tú. Reflexive Pronouns me nos te os se  se Direct Object Pronouns me nos te os lo la lo/la los las los/las Indirect Object Pronouns me nos te os le les

These are irregular verbs because they entail a stem change: E -> I This stem-change only occurs in certain IR verbs: never occurs in AR or ER verbs! IR competir to compete konkurrieren despedir to say goodbye verabschieden desvestir to undress auskleiden medir to measure messen pedir to request, ask for bitten servir to serve servieren, dienen vestir to dress kleiden In some forms the -e nearest the end of the stem becomes an -i. Drop the -ir: That's the stem !! To see the present tense conjugated forms of these verbs, click on a pronoun below: The nosotros & vosotros forms do not require the stem change in the present tense. YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES Present tense: Stem changing verbs: E -> I Yo form To make this form, drop the -ir from the end of the infinitive. Look for the E nearest the end of the stem, and change it to I. Add the normal ending for present tense conjugation. deutsch competir compito I compete I do compete I am competing ich konkurriere despedir despido I say goodbye I do say goodbye I'm saying goodbye ich verabschiede desvestir desvisto I undress I do undress I'm undressing ich ziehe (mich) aus medir mido I measure I do measure I'm measuring ich messe pedir pido I request I do request I am requesting ich bitte servir sirvo I serve I do serve I am serving ich diene, serviere vestir visto I dress I do dress I am dressing ich ziehe mich an What do they have in common now ? The stem (verb minus IR) tells you the action. Using the o ending says I am doing this action, and it's going on NOW. Each verb form in Spanish matches a specific pronoun, so Spanish doesn't need to use the pronoun. That means: each of the conjugated forms you see says ALL of the given "meaning." The YO is understood, because of the ending. You don't need to say YO. If you do add the YO, it usually adds emphasis, saying I dooo ... A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES Back to Top Present tense: Stem changing verbs: E -> I Tú form To make this form, drop the -ir from the end of the infinitive. Look for the E nearest the end of the stem, and change it to I. Add the normal ending for present tense conjugation. deutsch competir compites you compete you do compete you're competing du konkurrierst despedir despides you say goodbye you do say goodbye you're saying goodbye du verabschiedest desvestir desvistes you undress you do undress you're undressing du ziehst (dich) aus medir mides you measure you do measure you're measuring du meßt pedir pides you request you do request you're requesting du bittest servir sirves you serve you do serve you're serving du dienst, servierst vestir vistes you dress you do dress you're dressing du ziehst dich an What do they have in common now ? The stem (verb minus IR) tells you the action. Using the -es ending says you are doing this action, and it's going on NOW. Each verb form in Spanish matches a specific pronoun, so Spanish doesn't need to use the pronoun. That means: each of the conjugated forms you see says ALL of the given "meaning." The TÚ is understood, because of the ending. You don't need to say TÚ. If you do add the TÚ, it usually adds emphasis, saying you dooo ... A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES Back to Top Present tense: Stem changing verbs: E -> I Él form To make this form, drop the -ir from the end of the infinitive. Look for the E nearest the end of the stem, and change it to I. Add the normal ending for present tense conjugation. deutsch competir compite he competes he does compete he's competing er konkurriert despedir despide he says goodbye he does say goodbye he's saying goodbye er verabschiedet desvestir desviste he undresses he does undress he's undressing er zieht (sich) aus medir mide he measures he does measure he's measuring er meßt pedir pide he requests he does request he's requesting er bittet servir sirve he serves he does serve he's serving er dient, serviert vestir viste he dresses he does dress he's dressing er zieht sich an What do they have in common now ? The stem (verb minus IR) tells you the action. Using the -e ending says he is doing this action, and it's going on NOW. Each verb form in Spanish matches a specific pronoun, so Spanish doesn't need to use the pronoun. That means: each of the conjugated forms you see says ALL of the given "meaning." The ÉL is understood, because of the ending. You don't need to say ÉL. If he does add the ÉL, it usually adds emphasis, saying he doooes ... A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES Back to Top Present tense: Stem changing verbs: E -> I Ella form To make this form, drop the -ir from the end of the infinitive. Look for the E nearest the end of the stem, and change it to I. Add the normal ending for present tense conjugation. deutsch competir compite she competes she does compete she's competing sie konkurriert despedir despide she says goodbye she does say goodbye she's saying goodbye sie verabschiedet desvestir desviste she undresses she does undress she's undressing sie zieht (sich) aus medir mide she measures she does measure she's measuring sie meßt pedir pide she requests she does request she's requesting sie bittet servir sirve she serves she does serve she's serving sie dient, serviert vestir viste she dresses she does dress she's dressing sie zieht sich an What do they have in common now ? The stem (verb minus IR) tells you the action. Using the -e ending says she is doing this action, and it's going on NOW. Each verb form in Spanish matches a specific pronoun, so Spanish doesn't need to use the pronoun.