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SITE INFO Dedications Site Background Contact SITE NAVIGATION HOME Spanish Studies Pronunciation Lessons Numbers Time Date Verbs Verb Tenses Verb Conjugation Grammar Gender Grammar Terms Pronouns Reflexive Vocabulary Adjectives Noun Cognates Prepositions Verb Lists Vocabulary Lists VERB CONJUGATION Indicative Mood Present Tense Regular -ar Verbs Regular -er Verbs Regular -ir Verbs Stem e -> ie Stem o -> ue Stem e -> i Stem iar: i -> í Stem uar: u -> ú Stem uir: i -> y Stem ger/gir: g -> j Yo form -oy Yo form -zco Yo form -go Imperfect Tense AR Verbs ER & IR Verbs Preterite Tense Regular AR Verbs Ending -car Ending -gar Ending -zar ER/IR Verbs ER/IR Verbs vowel Stem IR Stem-changers Irregular Stems Future Tense Regular Verbs Irregular Stems Conditional Tense Regular Verbs Irregular Stems Progressive Tenses Perfect Tenses Reference Subject Pronouns yo nosotros nosotras tú* vosotros vosotras él ella Usted ellos ellas Ustedes *In some countries in Central & South America vos is used instead of tú. Reflexive Pronouns me nos te os se se Direct Object Pronouns me nos te os lo la lo/la los las los/las Indirect Object Pronouns me nos te os le les

Verbs with Yo form ending in -jo Some ER & IR verbs have an -jo ending for the yo form in the present tense: Verbs ending with -GER & -GIR need to observe the spelling of the aspirated H sound: JA-GE-GI-JO-JU. ER coger to catch, grasp fangen, fassen escoger to choose, pick auswählen recoger to pick up, nab abholen, holen IR afligir to afflict plagen, quälen corregir (e->i) to correct korregieren dirigir to direct dirigieren elegir (e->i) to elect, vote wählen exigir to demand fordern There are no AR verbs for this category. This change only occurs in the yo form. All other forms are conjugated normally. Drop the -er or the -ir: That's the stem !! YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES Present tense: -jo verb Yo form To make this form, drop the -ger or -gir or from the end of the infinitive and add -jo to the stem. This is important to realize, because the present tense yo form is the basis for forming present subjunctive forms. deutsch ER coger cojo I catch I do catch I am catching ich fange, fasse escoger escojo I choose I do choose I am choosing ich wähle aus recoger recojo I pick up I do pick up I am picking up ich hole ab   IR   afligir aflijo I afflict I do afflict I am afflicting ich quäle corregir (e-i) corrijo I correct I do correct I am correcting ich korrigiere dirigir dirijo I direct I do direct I am directing ich dirigiere elegir (e-i) elijo I elect I do elect I am electing ich wähle exigir exijo I demand I do demand I am demanding ich fordere What do they have in common ? The stem (verb minus ER or IR) tells you the action. Using the -jo ending says I am doing this action, and it's going on NOW. The pronoun YO does not need to be stated in the present tense. The YO is understood, because of the ending. You don't need to say YO. If you do add the YO, it usually adds emphasis, saying I dooo ... A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES Back to Top Present tense: -jo verb Tú form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -es to the stem. deutsch ER coger coges you catch you do catch you're catching du fängst, faßt escoger escoges you choose you do choose you're choosing du wählst aus recoger recoges you pick up you do pick up you're picking up du holst ab   IR   afligir afliges you afflict you do afflict you're afflicting du quälst corregir (e-i) corriges you correct you do correct you're correcting du korrigierst dirigir diriges you direct you do direct you're directing du dirigierst elegir (e-i) eliges you elect you do elect you're electing du wählst exigir exiges you demand you do demand you're demanding du forderst What do they have in common ? The stem (verb minus ER or IR) tells you the action. Using the -es ending says you are doing this action, and it's going on NOW. The pronoun TÚ does not need to be stated in the present tense. The TÚ is understood, because of the ending. If you do add the TÚ, it usually adds emphasis, saying I dooo ... A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES Back to Top Present tense: -jo verb Él form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -e to the stem. deutsch ER coger coge he catches he does catch he's catching er fängt, faßt escoger escoge he chooses he does choose he's choosing er wählt aus recoger recoge he picks up he does pick up he's picking up er holt ab   IR   afligir aflige he afflicts he does afflict he's afflicting er quält corregir (e-i) corrige he corrects he does correct he's correcting er korrigiert dirigir dirige he directs he does direct he's directing er dirigiert elegir (e-i) elige he elects he does elect he's electing er wählt exigir exige he demands he does demand he's demanding er fordert What do they have in common ? The stem (verb minus ER or IR) tells you the action. Using the -e ending says he is doing this action, and it's going on NOW. You need to identify who is doing the action in this verb form: ÉL, ELLA, or USTED Once you have identified that ÉL is the subject, you can leave the pronoun out. The ÉL will be understood, because of the ending. If you do add the ÉL, it usually adds emphasis, saying he dooooes ... A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES Back to Top Present tense: -jo verb Ella form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -e to the stem. deutsch ER coger coge she catches she does catch she's catching sie fängt, faßt escoger escoge she chooses she does choose she's choosing sie wählt aus recoger recoge she picks up she does pick up she's picking up sie holt ab   IR   afligir aflige she afflicts she does afflict she's afflicting sie quält corregir (e-i) corrige she corrects she does correct she's correcting sie korrigiert dirigir dirige she directs she does direct she's directing sie dirigiert elegir (e-i) elige she elects she does elect she's electing sie wählt exigir exige she demands she does demand she's demanding sie fordert What do they have in common ? The stem (verb minus ER or IR) tells you the action.