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SITE INFO Dedications Site Background Contact SITE NAVIGATION HOME Spanish Studies Pronunciation Lessons Numbers Time Date Verbs Verb Tenses Verb Conjugation Grammar Gender Grammar Terms Pronouns Reflexive Vocabulary Adjectives Noun Cognates Prepositions Verb Lists Vocabulary Lists VERB CONJUGATION Indicative Mood Present Tense Regular -ar Verbs Regular -er Verbs Regular -ir Verbs Stem e -> ie Stem o -> ue Stem e -> i Stem iar: i -> í Stem uar: u -> ú Stem uir: i -> y Stem ger/gir: g -> j Yo form -oy Yo form -zco Yo form -go Imperfect Tense AR Verbs ER & IR Verbs Preterite Tense Regular AR Verbs Ending -car Ending -gar Ending -zar ER/IR Verbs ER/IR Verbs vowel Stem IR Stem-changers Irregular Stems Future Tense Regular Verbs Irregular Stems Conditional Tense Regular Verbs Irregular Stems Progressive Tenses Perfect Tenses Reference Subject Pronouns yo nosotros nosotras tú* vosotros vosotras él ella Usted ellos ellas Ustedes *In some countries in Central & South America vos is used instead of tú. Reflexive Pronouns me nos te os se  se Direct Object Pronouns me nos te os lo la lo/la los las los/las Indirect Object Pronouns me nos te os le les	Preterite Tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation   Many ER & IR verbs are not affected by irregularities in any way in the formation of the preterite tense. There is a group of irregular verbs which take a separate set of endings. Only stem-changing IR verbs maintain a stem change in the preterite. yo -í nosotros, nosotras -imos tú -iste vosotros, vosotras -isteis él, ella, Usted -ió ellos, ellas, Ustedes -ieron   ER aprender to learn lernen correr to run laufen esconder to hide verstecken prometer to promise versprechen vender to sell verkaufen IR abrir to open öffnen confundir to confuse verwirren describir to describe beschreiben insistir to insist beharren recibir to receive erhalten To make the preterite forms, drop the -er or -ir from the end of the infinitive and add the endings given above. To see the preterite tense conjugated forms of these verbs, click on a pronoun below: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the preterite tense Preterite tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Yo form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -í to the stem. This is the event. This is what I did. deutsch ER aprender aprendí I learned I did learn ich habe gelernt correr corrí I ran I did run ich bin gelaufen esconder escondí I hid I did hide ich habe versteckt prometer prometí I promised I did promise ich habe versprochen vender vendí I sold I did sell ich habe verkauft IR abrir abrí I opened I did open ich habe geöffnet confundir confundí I confused I did confuse ich habe verwirrt describir describí I described I did describe ich habe beschrieben insistir insistí I insisted I did insist ich habe beharrt recibir recibí I received I did receive ich habe erhalten The pronoun YO does not need to be stated in the preterite. It is already clear by the ending that YO is doing the action. A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the preterite tense Back to Top Preterite tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Tú form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -iste to the stem. This is the event. This is what you did. deutsch ER aprender aprendiste you learned you did learn du hast gelernt correr corriste you ran you did run du bist gelaufen esconder escondiste you hid you did hide du hast versteckt prometer prometiste you promised you did promise du hast versprochen vender vendiste you sold you did sell du hast verkauft IR abrir abriste you opened you did open du hast geöffnet confundir confundiste you confused you did confuse du hast verwirrt describir describiste you described you did describe du hast beschrieben insistir insististe you insisted you did insist du hast beharrt recibir recibiste you received you did receive du hast erhalten The pronoun TÚ does not need to be stated in the preterite. It is already clear by the ending that TÚ is doing the action. A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the preterite tense Back to Top Preterite tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Él form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -ió to the stem. This is the event. This is what he did. deutsch ER aprender aprendió he learned he did learn er hat gelernt correr corrió he ran he did run er ist gelaufen esconder escondió he hid he did hide er hat versteckt prometer prometió he promised he did promise er hat versprochen vender vendió he sold he did sell er hat verkauft IR abrir abrió he opened he did open er hat geöffnet confundir confundió he confused he did confuse er hat verwirrt describir describió he described he did describe er hat beschrieben insistir insistió he insisted he did insist er hat beharrt recibir recibió he received he did receive er hat erhalten The pronoun ÉL needs to be stated in the preterite, because the same form is used for ELLA & USTED. Once it is clear that ÉL is the subject, it can be left out in further statements. The preterite tense reflects an action as a reported event. It provides importance to the fact that it happened. A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the preterite tense Back to Top Preterite tense: -ER & -IR verb conjugation Ella form To make this form, drop the -er or -ir or from the end of the infinitive and add -ió to the stem. This is the event. This is what she did. deutsch ER aprender aprendió she learned she did learn sie hat gelernt correr corrió she ran she did run sie ist gelaufen esconder escondió she hid she did hide sie hat versteckt prometer prometió she promised she did promise sie hat versprochen vender vendió she sold she did sell sie hat verkauft IR abrir abrió she opened she did open sie hat geöffnet confundir confundió she confused she did confuse sie hat verwirrt describir describió she described she did describe sie hat beschrieben insistir insistió she insisted