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SITE INFO Dedications Site Background Contact SITE NAVIGATION HOME Spanish Studies Pronunciation Lessons Numbers Time Date Verbs Verb Tenses Verb Conjugation Grammar Gender Grammar Terms Pronouns Reflexive Vocabulary Adjectives Noun Cognates Prepositions Verb Lists Vocabulary Lists VERB CONJUGATION Indicative Mood Present Tense Regular -ar Verbs Regular -er Verbs Regular -ir Verbs Stem e -> ie Stem o -> ue Stem e -> i Stem iar: i -> í Stem uar: u -> ú Stem uir: i -> y Stem ger/gir: g -> j Yo form -oy Yo form -zco Yo form -go Imperfect Tense AR Verbs ER & IR Verbs Preterite Tense Regular AR Verbs Ending -car Ending -gar Ending -zar ER/IR Verbs ER/IR Verbs vowel Stem IR Stem-changers Irregular Stems Future Tense Regular Verbs Irregular Stems Conditional Tense Regular Verbs Irregular Stems Progressive Tenses Perfect Tenses Reference Subject Pronouns yo nosotros nosotras tú* vosotros vosotras él ella Usted ellos ellas Ustedes *In some countries in Central & South America vos is used instead of tú. Reflexive Pronouns me nos te os se  se Direct Object Pronouns me nos te os lo la lo/la los las los/las Indirect Object Pronouns me nos te os le les	Preterite Tense: -GAR verb conjugation:   Most AR verbs are not affected by irregularities in any way in the formation of the preterite tense. An important factor to watch in the formation of some verbs is spelling changes. The AR verbs ending with -GAR need to observe the spelling of the hard G sound: GA - GUE - GUI - GO - GU. The only form that changes in spelling is the YO form, due to the fact that GE would be pronounced differently. yo -é nosotros, nosotras -amos tú -aste vosotros, vosotras -asteis él, ella, Usted -ó ellos, ellas, Ustedes -aron ahogar to drown ertrinken castigar to punish bestrafen encargar to charge, entrust anvertrauen investigar to investigate untersuchen llegar to arrive ankommen pegar to hit schlagen tragar to swallow, gulp verschlucken To make the preterite forms, drop the -ar from the end of the infinitive and add the endings given above, remembering the spelling rule. Notice that the NOSOTROS form is exactly the same in the present & preterite tenses. More information concerning the preterite tense To see the preterite tense conjugated forms of these verbs, click on a pronoun below: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES Preterite Tense: -GAR verb conjugation Yo form To make this form, drop the -ar from the end of the infinitive and add -é to the stem. Observe the spelling of the hard G sound: GA - GUE - GUI - GO - GU, changing G to GU in this case. This is the event. This is what I did. deutsch ahogar ahogué I drowned I did drown ich habe ertrunken castigar castigué I punished I did punish ich habe bestraft encargar encargué I entrusted I did entrust ich habe anvertraut investigar investigué I investigated I did investigate ich habe untersucht llegar llegué I arrived I did arrive ich bin angekommen pegar pegué I hit I did hit ich habe geschlagen tragar tragué I gulped I did gulp ich habe verschluckt What do they have in common now ? The stem (verb minus AR) tells you the action. Using the -é ending says I did this action, and it is an event that occurred in the past. Be very careful in the pronunciation of this form, as the present subjunctive yo, él, ella & Usted forms stress the penultimate syllable and don't have this written accent. Each verb form in Spanish matches a specific pronoun, so Spanish doesn't need to use the pronoun. That means: each of the conjugated forms you see says ALL of the given "meaning." The YO is understood, because of the ending. You don't need to say YO. If you do add the YO, it usually adds emphasis, saying I did ... A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the preterite tense Back to Top Preterite Tense: -GAR verb conjugation Tú form To make this form, drop the -ar from the end of the infinitive and add -aste to the stem. Tex-Mex forms of these verbs invert the ending somewhat, so that people generally add the ending -ates. This is the event. This is what you did. deutsch ahogar ahogaste you drowned you did drown du hast ertrunken castigar castigaste you punished you did punish du hast bestraft encargar encargaste you entrusted you did entrust du hast anvertraut investigar investigaste you investigated you did investigate du hast untersucht llegar llegaste you arrived you did arrive du bist angekommen pegar pegaste you hit you did hit du hast geschlagen tragar tragaste you gulped you did gulp du hast verschluckt What do they have in common now ? The stem (verb minus AR) tells you the action. Using the -aste ending says you did this action, and it is an event that occurred in the past. The pronoun TÚ does not need to be stated in the preterite. It is already clear by the ending that TÚ is doing the action. If you do add the TÚ, it usually adds emphasis, saying you did ... A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the preterite tense Back to Top Preterite Tense: -GAR verb conjugation Él form To make this form, drop the -ar from the end of the infinitive and add -ó to the stem. This is the event. This is what he did. deutsch ahogar ahogó he drowned he did drown er hat ertrunken castigar castigó he punished he did punish er hat bestraft encargar encargó he entrusted he did entrust er hat anvertraut investigar investigó he investigated he did investigate er hat untersucht llegar llegó he arrived he did arrive er ist angekommen pegar pegó he hit he did hit er hat geschlagen tragar tragó he gulped he did gulp er hat verschluckt What do they have in common now ? The stem (verb minus AR) tells you the action. Using the -ó ending says he did this action, and it is an event that occurred in the past. Be very careful in the pronunciation of this form, as the present indicative yo form stresses the penultimate syllable and doesn't have this written accent. You need to identify who is doing the action in this verb form: ÉL, ELLA, or USTED Once you have identified that ÉL is the subject, you can leave the pronoun out. The ÉL will be understood, because of the ending. If you do add the ÉL, it usually adds emphasis, saying he did ... A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the preterite tense Back to Top Preterite Tense: -GAR verb conjugation Ella form To make this form, drop the -ar from the end of the infinitive and add -ó to the stem. This is the event. This is what she did. deutsch ahogar ahogó she drowned she did drown sie hat ertrunken castigar castigó she punished she did punish sie hat bestraft encargar encargó she entrusted she did entrust sie hat anvertraut investigar investigó she investigated she did investigate sie hat untersucht llegar llegó she arrived she did arrive sie ist angekommen pegar pegó she hit she did hit sie hat geschlagen tragar tragó she gulped she did gulp sie hat verschluckt What do they have in common now ? The stem (verb minus AR) tells you the action. Using the -ó ending says she did this action, and it is an event that occurred in the past. Be very careful in the pronunciation of this form, as the present indicative yo form stresses the penultimate syllable and doesn't have this written accent. You need to identify who is doing the action in this verb form: ÉL, ELLA, or USTED Once you have identified that ELLA is the subject, you can leave the pronoun out. The ELLA will be understood, because of the ending. If you do add the ELLA, it usually adds emphasis, saying she did ... A look at other forms: YO TÚ ÉL ELLA USTED NOSOTROS VOSOTROS ELLOS ELLAS USTEDES More information concerning the preterite tense Back to Top Preterite Tense: -GAR verb conjugation Usted form