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ER verbs are a median difficulty
set of verbs. They follow along most of the patterns for
IR verbs - so both sets can be pretty much learned in
one fell swoop. Various sets of difficult verbs fall in
both categories (ER & IR), being the -go
verbs, the -zco verbs, and
many stem-changers. Hey! Just take one verb at a time!
You have the rest of your life to get it down, and just
think: one day you'll just be speaking Spanish and not
remember how you even got there !!!
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Click on the various items
in the top row below to hear explanations: |
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 |
español
|
stem
change |
yo
|
subj
stem |
¿pretérito? |
¿futuro? |
inglés
|
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| |
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abastecer |
|
-zco
|
abastezc-
|
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|
to
supply |
| |
|
aborrecer |
|
-zco
|
aborrezc-
|
|
|
to
detest, abhor |
 |
|
absolver |
o-ue
|
|
absuelv-
|
|
|
to
absolve, acquit |
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absorber |
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absorb- |
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to
absorb |
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abstenerse |
e-ie
|
-go
|
absteng-
|
abstuv-
|
abstendr-
|
to
abstain, refrain from, forbear |
| |
|
acontecer |
|
-zco
|
acontezc-
|
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|
to
happen, occur, come about |
| |
|
adolecer |
|
-zco
|
adolezc-
|
|
|
to
suffer |
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agradecer |
|
-zco
|
agradezc-
|
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|
to
thank for, acknowledge |
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amanecer |
|
-zco
|
amanezc-
|
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|
to
dawn, get light, wake up at dawn |
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anochecer |
|
-zco
|
anochezc-
|
|
|
to
become night, get dark, be somewhere by dark |
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aparecer |
|
-zco
|
aparezc-
|
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|
to
show up, appear |
| |
|
apetecer |
|
-zco
|
apetezc-
|
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|
to
desire |
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aprehender |
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aprehend- |
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|
to
apprehend |
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aprender |
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aprend- |
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to
learn |
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ascender |
e-ie
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asciend-
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to
ascend, promote |
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atender |
e-ie
|
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atiend-
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to
attend, pay attention, heed |
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atraer |
|
-igo
|
atraig-
|
atraj-
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to
attract |
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barrer |
|
|
barr- |
|
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to
sweep |
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beber |
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beb- |
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to
drink, sip |
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caer |
|
-igo
|
caig-
|
3rd
i-y |
|
to
fall |
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carecer |
|
-zco
|
carezc-
|
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to
lack, be without |
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coger |
|
-jo
|
coj-
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to
choose, catch |
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comer |
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com- |
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to
eat |
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cometer |
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comet- |
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to
commit |
| |
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compadecer |
|
-zco
|
compadezc-
|
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to
feel sorry, pity |
| |
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comparecer |
|
-zco
|
comparezc-
|
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to
appear |
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compeler |
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compel- |
|
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to
compel |
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componer |
|
-go
|
compong-
|
compus-
|
compondr-
|
to
compose, fix, repair, comprise |
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comprender |
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comprend- |
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to
comprehend, understand |
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conceder |
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conced- |
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to
concede, grant, bestow, award |
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conocer |
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-zco
|
conozc-
|
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to
know, be familiar with |
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contener |
e-ie
|
-go
|
conteng-
|
contuv-
|
contendr-
|
to
contain |
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contraer |
|
-igo
|
contraig-
|
contraj-
|
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to
contract |
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convencer |
|
-zo
|
convenz-
|
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to
convince |
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correr |
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corr- |
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to
run, race, hasten, go fast |
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crecer |
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-zco
|
crezc-
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to
grow |
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creer |
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cre- |
3rd
i-y |
|
to
believe |
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deber |
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deb- |
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to
owe, to ought to |
| |
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decrecer |
|
-zco
|
decrezc-
|
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to
decrease |
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defender |
e-ie
|
|
defiend-
|
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to
defend |
| |
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demoler |
o-ue
|
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demuel-
|
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to
demolish |
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depender |
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depend- |
|
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to
depend |
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deponer |
|
-go
|
depong-
|
depus-
|
depondr-
|
to
depose |
| |
|
desagradecer |
|
-zco
|
desagradezc-
|
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to
be unthankful for, to be unappreciative of |
|
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desaparecer |
|
-zco
|
desaparezc-
|
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to
disappear |
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descender |
e-ie
|
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desciend-
|
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to
descend |
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descomponer |
|
-go
|
descompong-
|
descompus-
|
descompondr-
|
to
decompose |
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desconocer |
|
-zco
|
desconozc-
|
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to
ignore, be unacquainted with, disown, shun, no longer know
or be familiar with |
| |
|
desentumecer |
|
-zco
|
desentumezc-
|
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|
to
loosen up |
| |
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desfallecer |
|
-zco
|
desfallezc-
|
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to
become weak, wear out |
| |
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desfavorecer |
|
-zco
|
desfavorezc-
|
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to
work against, disfavor |
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deshacer |
|
-go
|
deshag-
|
deshic-
|
deshar-
|
to
undo, dismantle |
| |
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desmerecer |
|
-zco
|
desmerezc-
|
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to
criticize |
| |
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desobedecer |
|
-zco
|
desobedezc-
|
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to
disobey |
| |
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destorcer |
o-ue
|
-zo
|
destuerz-
|
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to
untwist |
| |
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desvanecer |
|
-zco
|
desvanezc-
|
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to
vanish |
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detener |
e-ie
|
-go
|
deteng-
|
detuv-
|
detendr-
|
to
detain |
| |
|
devolver |
o-ue
|
|
devuelv-
|
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to
return, give back |
|
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disolver |
o-ue
|
|
disuelv-
|
|
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to
dissolve |
|
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disponer |
|
-go
|
dispong-
|
dispus-
|
dispondr-
|
to
dispose, arrange |
|
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|
distraer |
|
-igo
|
distraig-
|
distraj-
|
|
to
distract |
|
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doler |
o-ue
|
|
duel-
|
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to
hurt, be in pain |
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ejercer |
|
-zo
|
ejerz-
|
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to
exercise, perform, discharge |
| |
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embellecer |
|
-zco
|
embellezc-
|
|
|
to
embellish, make beautiful |
| |
|
embrutecer |
|
-zco
|
embrutezc-
|
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to
stultify |
| |
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empobrecer |
|
-zco
|
empobrezc-
|
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to
impoverish, make poor, break financially |
| |
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enaltecer |
|
-zco
|
enaltezc-
|
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to
praise |
| |
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enardecer |
|
-zco
|
enardezc-
|
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to
inflame, light up, go aflame |
| |
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encarecer |
|
-zco
|
encarezc-
|
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|
to
increase in price, charge more |
| |
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encender |
e-ie
|
|
enciend-
|
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to
burn, light, turn on |
| |
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endurecer |
|
-zco
|
endurezc-
|
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to
harden, make hard |
| |
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enflaquecer |
|
-zco
|
enflaquezc-
|
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|
to
make thin, to weaken, to thin out, to grow weak |
| |
|
enfurecer |
|
-zco
|
enfurezc-
|
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to
infuriate, make irate |
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enloquecer |
|
-zco
|
enloquezc-
|
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|
to
drive crazy, madden, drive insane, distract |
| |
|
enmohecer |
|
-zco
|
enmohezc-
|
|
|
to
rust, mildew, go mouldy |
| |
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enmudecer |
|
-zco
|
enmudezc-
|
|
|
to
go silent, to become mute |
| |
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ennegrecer |
|
-zco
|
ennegrezc-
|
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|
to
blacken, go dark, darken |
| |
|
ennoblecer |
|
-zco
|
ennoblezc-
|
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|
to
ennoble, make noble, reach nobility |
| |
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enorgullecer |
|
-zco
|
enorgullezc-
|
|
|
to
be proud of, grow proud |
|
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enriquecer |
|
-zco
|
enriquezc-
|
|
|
to
enrich, grow rich, become rich |
| |
|
enrojecer |
|
-zco
|
enrojezc-
|
|
|
to
turn red, blush, |
| |
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ensombrecer |
|
-zco
|
ensombrezc-
|
|
|
to
grow dark, darken, shade |
| |
|
ensordecer |
|
-zco
|
ensordezc-
|
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|
to
deafen, go deaf |
|
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|
entender |
e-ie
|
|
entiend-
|
|
|
to
understand |
| |
|
enternecer |
|
-zco
|
enternezc-
|
|
|
to
get moved, be touched |
| |
|
entorpecer |
|
-zco
|
entorpezc-
|
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|
to
dull, blunt, make sluggish, delay, obstruct |
|
|
|
entretener |
e-ie
|
-go
|
entreteng-
|
entretuv-
|
entretendr-
|
to
entertain |
| |
|
entristecer |
|
-zco
|
entristezc-
|
|
|
to
sadden, make sad |
|
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|
envejecer |
|
-zco
|
envejezc-
|
|
|
to
age, grow old |
|
|
|
envolver |
o-ue
|
|
envuelv-
|
|
|
to
cover, envelope, wrap up |
|
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|
escoger |
|
-jo
|
escoj-
|
|
|
to
choose, pick, vote |
|
|
|
esconder |
|
|
escond- |
|
|
to
hide |
|
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establecer |
|
-zco
|
establezc-
|
|
|
to
establish |
| |
|
estremecer |
|
-zco
|
estremezc-
|
|
|
to
shake, make tremble, make shudder, thrill |
|
|
|
exceder |
|
|
exced- |
|
|
to
exceed |
|
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|
exponer |
|
-go
|
expong-
|
expus-
|
expondr-
|
to
expose |
|
|
|
extender |
e-ie
|
|
extiend-
|
|
|
to
extend, stretch, stretch out |
|
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extraer |
|
-igo
|
extraig-
|
extraj-
|
|
to
extract |
| |
|
fallecer |
|
-zco
|
fallezc-
|
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|
to
pass away, decease, die, fade away |
| |
|
favorecer |
|
-zco
|
favorezc-
|
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|
to
favor, work in favor of, help, aid, support |
|
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florecer |
|
-zco
|
florezc-
|
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|
to
flower, bloom, blossom |
| |
|
fortalecer |
|
-zco
|
fortalezc-
|
|
|
to
fortify, strengthen |
| |
|
fosforecer |
|
-zco
|
fosforezc-
|
|
|
to
be luminous, phosphoresce |
| |
|
guarecer |
|
-zco
|
guarezc-
|
|
|
to
give shelter, protect, preserve from harm |
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|
|
haber |
|
he
|
hay-
|
hub-
|
habr-
|
to
have [] |
|
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|
hacer |
|
-go
|
hag-
|
hic-
|
har-
|
to
make, do |
| |
|
heder |
e-ie
|
|
hied-
|
|
|
to
stink, smell bad |
| |
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humedecer |
|
-zco
|
humedezc-
|
|
|
to
dampen, moisten, wet, humidify |
|
|
|
imponer |
|
-go
|
impong-
|
impus-
|
impondr-
|
to
impose |
| |
|
languidecer |
|
-zco
|
languidezc-
|
|
|
to
languish, pine away |
|
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leer |
|
|
le- |
3rd
i -y |
|
to
read |
|
|
|
llover |
o-ue
|
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lluev-
|
|
|
to
rain |
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mantener |
e-ie
|
-go
|
manteng-
|
mantuv-
|
mantendr-
|
to
maintain |
|
|
|
merecer |
|
-zco
|
merezc-
|
|
|
to
earn, deserve, merit |
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|
|
meter |
|
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met- |
|
|
to
insert, put in |
| |
|
moler |
o-ue
|
|
muel-
|
|
|
to
grind, mill |
|
|
|
morder |
o-ue
|
|
muerd-
|
|
|
to
bite |
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mover |
o-ue
|
|
muev-
|
|
|
to
move, make movements |
|
|
|
nacer |
|
-zco
|
nazc-
|
|
|
to
be born |
|
|
|
obedecer |
|
-zco
|
obedezc-
|
|
|
to
obey |
|
|
|
obtener |
e-ie
|
-go
|
obteng-
|
obtuv-
|
obtendr-
|
to
get, obtain |
|
|
|
ofender |
e-ie
|
|
ofiend-
|
|
|
to
offend |
|
|
|
ofrecer |
|
-zco
|
ofrezc-
|
|
|
to
offer |
|
|
|
oler |
o-hue
|
|
huel-
|
|
|
to
smell |
|
|
|
oponer |
|
-go
|
opong-
|
opus-
|
opondr-
|
to
opose |
| |
|
oscurecer |
|
-zco
|
oscurezc-
|
|
|
to
obscure, get dark, darken |
|
|
|
padecer |
|
-zco
|
padezc-
|
|
|
to
suffer, undergo, be subjected to, experience |
|
|
|
parecer |
|
-zco
|
parezc-
|
|
|
to
seem, appear, resemble |
|
|
|
perder |
e-ie
|
|
pierd-
|
|
|
to
lose |
|
|
|
permanecer |
|
-zco
|
permanezc-
|
|
|
to
remain, stay, endure |
|
|
|
pertenecer |
|
-zco
|
pertenezc-
|
|
|
to
belong, pertain, concern |
|
|
|
poder |
o-ue
|
|
pued-
|
pud-
|
podr-
|
to
be able, "can" |
|
|
|
poner |
|
-go
|
pong-
|
pus-
|
pondr-
|
to
put, to place |
|
|
|
poseer |
|
|
pose- |
|
|
to
own, possess, hold |
|
|
|
posponer |
|
-go
|
pospong-
|
pospus-
|
pospondr-
|
to
postpone |
|
|
|
predisponer |
|
-go
|
predispong-
|
predispus-
|
predispondr-
|
to
predispose |
|
|
|
prender |
|
|
prend- |
|
|
to
switch on, grab, seize |
| |
|
prevalecer |
|
-zco
|
prevalezc-
|
|
|
to
prevail |
|
|
|
proceder |
|
|
proced- |
|
|
to
proceed |
|
|
|
prometer |
|
|
promet- |
|
|
to
promise |
|
|
|
promover |
o-ue
|
|
promuev-
|
|
|
to
promote |
|
|
|
proteger |
|
-jo
|
protej-
|
|
|
to
protect, guard |
|
|
|
proveer |
|
|
prove- |
3rd i-y |
|
to
provide |
|
|
|
querer |
e-ie
|
|
quier-
|
quis-
|
querr-
|
to
want, love |
| |
|
reaparecer |
|
-zco
|
reaparezc-
|
|
|
to
reappear, show up again |
| |
|
reblandecer |
|
-zco
|
reblandezc-
|
|
|
to
soften, make soft, tenderize |
|
|
|
recoger |
|
-jo
|
recoj-
|
|
|
to
gather, pick up |
| |
|
reconocer |
|
-zco
|
reconozc-
|
|
|
to
recognize |
| |
|
remorder |
o-ue
|
|
remuerd-
|
|
|
to
feel guilty, remorse |
| |
|
remover |
o-ue
|
|
remuev-
|
|
|
to
remove |
| |
|
resolver |
o-ue
|
|
resuelv-
|
|
|
to
resolve |
| |
|
resplandecer |
|
-zco
|
resplandezc-
|
|
|
to
shine brightly, glitter, glow, be resplendant |
|
|
responder |
|
|
respond- |
|
|
to
respond, answer, reply |
| |
|
restablecer |
|
-zco
|
restablezc-
|
|
|
to
re-establish, restore |
| |
|
retener |
e-ie
|
-go
|
reteng-
|
retuv-
|
retendr-
|
to
retain, hold back, keep, catch, hold |
| |
|
retorcer |
o-ue
|
-zo
|
retuerz-
|
|
|
to
wring |
| |
|
revolver |
o-ue
|
|
revuelv-
|
|
|
to
turn back, return |
|
|
|
romper |
|
|
romp- |
|
|
to
break, break up with, tear |
|
|
|
saber |
|
-é
|
sep-
|
sup-
|
sabr-
|
to
know, know how to, find out |
|
|
|
satisfacer |
|
-go
|
satisfag-
|
satisfic-
|
satisfar-
|
to
satisfy |
|
|
|
ser |
|
-oy
|
se-
|
fui
|
|
to
be |
| |
|
soler |
o-ue
|
|
suel-
|
|
|
to
be accustomed to |
|
|
|
sorprender |
|
|
sorprend- |
|
|
to
surprise |
|
|
|
sostener |
e-ie
|
-go
|
sosteng-
|
sostuv-
|
sostendr-
|
to
sustain |
|
|
|
suponer |
|
-go
|
supong-
|
supus-
|
supondr-
|
to
suppose, assume, imply |
|
|
|
tejer |
|
|
tej- |
|
|
to
crochet, weave, knit, braid |
|
|
|
temer |
|
|
tem- |
|
|
to
fear, be afraid of |
|
|
|
tender |
e-ie
|
|
tiend-
|
|
|
to
extend, spread out, stretch forth |
|
|
|
tener |
e-ie
|
-go
|
teng-
|
tuv-
|
tendr-
|
to
have |
|
|
|
torcer |
o-ue
|
-zo
|
tuerz-
|
|
|
to
twist, sprain, strain |
|
|
|
toser |
|
|
tos- |
|
|
to
cough |
|
|
|
traer |
|
-igo
|
traig-
|
|
|
to
bring |
|
|
|
valer |
|
-go
|
valg-
|
|
valdr-
|
to
be worth something |
|
|
|
vender |
|
|
vend- |
|
|
to
sell, vend |
|
|
|
ver |
|
-eo
|
ve-
|
|
|
to
see |
| |
|
verter |
e-ie
|
|
viert-
|
|
|
to
pour, spill, shed |
|
|
|
volver |
o-ue
|
|
vuelv-
|
|
|
to
return, go back |
|
|
|
yacer |
|
-zco
|
yazc-
|
|
|
to
lie, be lying down, be situated |
|
|
|
yuxtaponer |
|
-go
|
yuxtapong-
|
yuxtapus-
|
yuxtapondr-
|
to
juxtapose |
|
To
learn new vocabulary by speaking out loud.