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ER verbs are a median difficulty
set of verbs. They follow along most of the patterns for
IR verbs - so both sets can be pretty much learned in
one fell swoop. Various sets of difficult verbs fall in
both categories (ER & IR), being the -go
verbs, the -zco verbs, and
many stem-changers. Hey! Just take one verb at a time!
You have the rest of your life to get it down, and just
think: one day you'll just be speaking Spanish and not
remember how you even got there !!!
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Click on the various items
in the top row below to hear explanations: |
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español
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stem
change |
yo
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subj
stem |
¿pretérito? |
¿futuro? |
inglés
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abastecer |
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-zco
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abastezc-
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to
supply |
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aborrecer |
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-zco
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aborrezc-
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to
detest, abhor |
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absolver |
o-ue
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absuelv-
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to
absolve, acquit |
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absorber |
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absorb- |
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to
absorb |
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abstenerse |
e-ie
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-go
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absteng-
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abstuv-
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abstendr-
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to
abstain, refrain from, forbear |
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acontecer |
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-zco
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acontezc-
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to
happen, occur, come about |
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adolecer |
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-zco
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adolezc-
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to
suffer |
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agradecer |
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-zco
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agradezc-
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to
thank for, acknowledge |
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amanecer |
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-zco
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amanezc-
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to
dawn, get light, wake up at dawn |
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anochecer |
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-zco
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anochezc-
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to
become night, get dark, be somewhere by dark |
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aparecer |
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-zco
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aparezc-
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to
show up, appear |
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apetecer |
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-zco
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apetezc-
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to
desire |
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aprehender |
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aprehend- |
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to
apprehend |
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aprender |
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aprend- |
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to
learn |
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ascender |
e-ie
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asciend-
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to
ascend, promote |
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atender |
e-ie
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atiend-
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to
attend, pay attention, heed |
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atraer |
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-igo
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atraig-
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atraj-
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to
attract |
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barrer |
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barr- |
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to
sweep |
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beber |
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beb- |
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to
drink, sip |
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caer |
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-igo
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caig-
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3rd
i-y |
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to
fall |
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carecer |
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-zco
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carezc-
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to
lack, be without |
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coger |
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-jo
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coj-
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to
choose, catch |
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comer |
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com- |
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to
eat |
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cometer |
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comet- |
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to
commit |
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compadecer |
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-zco
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compadezc-
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to
feel sorry, pity |
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comparecer |
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-zco
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comparezc-
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to
appear |
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compeler |
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compel- |
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to
compel |
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componer |
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-go
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compong-
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compus-
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compondr-
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to
compose, fix, repair, comprise |
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comprender |
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comprend- |
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to
comprehend, understand |
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conceder |
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conced- |
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to
concede, grant, bestow, award |
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conocer |
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-zco
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conozc-
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to
know, be familiar with |
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contener |
e-ie
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-go
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conteng-
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contuv-
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contendr-
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to
contain |
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contraer |
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-igo
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contraig-
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contraj-
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to
contract |
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convencer |
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-zo
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convenz-
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to
convince |
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correr |
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corr- |
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to
run, race, hasten, go fast |
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crecer |
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-zco
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crezc-
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to
grow |
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creer |
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cre- |
3rd
i-y |
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to
believe |
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deber |
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deb- |
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to
owe, to ought to |
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decrecer |
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-zco
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decrezc-
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to
decrease |
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defender |
e-ie
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defiend-
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to
defend |
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demoler |
o-ue
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demuel-
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to
demolish |
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depender |
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depend- |
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to
depend |
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deponer |
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-go
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depong-
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depus-
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depondr-
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to
depose |
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desagradecer |
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-zco
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desagradezc-
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to
be unthankful for, to be unappreciative of |
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desaparecer |
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-zco
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desaparezc-
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to
disappear |
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descender |
e-ie
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desciend-
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to
descend |
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descomponer |
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-go
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descompong-
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descompus-
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descompondr-
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to
decompose |
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desconocer |
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-zco
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desconozc-
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to
ignore, be unacquainted with, disown, shun, no longer know
or be familiar with |
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desentumecer |
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-zco
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desentumezc-
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to
loosen up |
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desfallecer |
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-zco
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desfallezc-
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to
become weak, wear out |
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desfavorecer |
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-zco
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desfavorezc-
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to
work against, disfavor |
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deshacer |
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-go
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deshag-
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deshic-
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deshar-
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to
undo, dismantle |
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desmerecer |
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-zco
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desmerezc-
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to
criticize |
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desobedecer |
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-zco
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desobedezc-
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to
disobey |
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destorcer |
o-ue
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-zo
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destuerz-
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to
untwist |
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desvanecer |
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-zco
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desvanezc-
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to
vanish |
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detener |
e-ie
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-go
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deteng-
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detuv-
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detendr-
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to
detain |
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devolver |
o-ue
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devuelv-
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to
return, give back |
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disolver |
o-ue
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disuelv-
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to
dissolve |
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disponer |
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-go
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dispong-
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dispus-
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dispondr-
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to
dispose, arrange |
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distraer |
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-igo
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distraig-
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distraj-
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to
distract |
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doler |
o-ue
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duel-
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to
hurt, be in pain |
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ejercer |
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-zo
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ejerz-
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to
exercise, perform, discharge |
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embellecer |
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-zco
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embellezc-
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to
embellish, make beautiful |
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embrutecer |
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-zco
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embrutezc-
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to
stultify |
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empobrecer |
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-zco
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empobrezc-
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to
impoverish, make poor, break financially |
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enaltecer |
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-zco
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enaltezc-
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to
praise |
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enardecer |
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-zco
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enardezc-
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to
inflame, light up, go aflame |
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encarecer |
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-zco
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encarezc-
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to
increase in price, charge more |
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encender |
e-ie
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enciend-
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to
burn, light, turn on |
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endurecer |
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-zco
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endurezc-
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to
harden, make hard |
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enflaquecer |
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-zco
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enflaquezc-
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to
make thin, to weaken, to thin out, to grow weak |
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enfurecer |
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-zco
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enfurezc-
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to
infuriate, make irate |
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enloquecer |
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-zco
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enloquezc-
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to
drive crazy, madden, drive insane, distract |
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enmohecer |
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-zco
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enmohezc-
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to
rust, mildew, go mouldy |
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enmudecer |
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-zco
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enmudezc-
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to
go silent, to become mute |
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ennegrecer |
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-zco
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ennegrezc-
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to
blacken, go dark, darken |
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ennoblecer |
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-zco
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ennoblezc-
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to
ennoble, make noble, reach nobility |
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enorgullecer |
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-zco
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enorgullezc-
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to
be proud of, grow proud |
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enriquecer |
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-zco
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enriquezc-
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to
enrich, grow rich, become rich |
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enrojecer |
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-zco
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enrojezc-
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to
turn red, blush, |
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ensombrecer |
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-zco
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ensombrezc-
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to
grow dark, darken, shade |
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ensordecer |
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-zco
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ensordezc-
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to
deafen, go deaf |
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entender |
e-ie
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entiend-
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to
understand |
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enternecer |
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-zco
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enternezc-
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to
get moved, be touched |
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entorpecer |
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-zco
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entorpezc-
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to
dull, blunt, make sluggish, delay, obstruct |
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entretener |
e-ie
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-go
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entreteng-
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entretuv-
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entretendr-
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to
entertain |
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entristecer |
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-zco
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entristezc-
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to
sadden, make sad |
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envejecer |
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-zco
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envejezc-
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to
age, grow old |
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envolver |
o-ue
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envuelv-
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to
cover, envelope, wrap up |
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escoger |
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-jo
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escoj-
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to
choose, pick, vote |
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esconder |
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escond- |
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to
hide |
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establecer |
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-zco
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establezc-
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to
establish |
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estremecer |
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-zco
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estremezc-
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to
shake, make tremble, make shudder, thrill |
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exceder |
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exced- |
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to
exceed |
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exponer |
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-go
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expong-
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expus-
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expondr-
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to
expose |
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extender |
e-ie
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extiend-
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to
extend, stretch, stretch out |
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extraer |
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-igo
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extraig-
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extraj-
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to
extract |
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fallecer |
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-zco
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fallezc-
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to
pass away, decease, die, fade away |
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favorecer |
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-zco
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favorezc-
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to
favor, work in favor of, help, aid, support |
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florecer |
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-zco
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florezc-
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to
flower, bloom, blossom |
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fortalecer |
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-zco
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fortalezc-
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to
fortify, strengthen |
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fosforecer |
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-zco
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fosforezc-
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to
be luminous, phosphoresce |
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guarecer |
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-zco
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guarezc-
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to
give shelter, protect, preserve from harm |
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haber |
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he
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hay-
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hub-
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habr-
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to
have [] |
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hacer |
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-go
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hag-
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hic-
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har-
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to
make, do |
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heder |
e-ie
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hied-
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to
stink, smell bad |
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humedecer |
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-zco
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humedezc-
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to
dampen, moisten, wet, humidify |
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imponer |
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-go
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impong-
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impus-
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impondr-
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To
learn new vocabulary by speaking out loud.